Spectrum Challenges in the Internet of Things: State of the Art and Next Steps
Francesco Restuccia, Tommaso Melodia, Jonathan Ashdown · 2022
Due to the significant growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and fifth-generation (5G) networks, the radio frequency spectrum is poised to become an extremely scarce resource in the next few years. This chapter surveys the state of the art in spectrum management for 5G and IoT technologies, and proposes a roadmap of next-generation research challenges. The vast majority of commercially-available IoT devices leverage the spectrum bands reserved for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) purposes for radio communications. The main reason behind this choice is that a spectrum license is not required in ISM bands. Despite the significant advantages of dynamic spectrum access (DSA), today's IoT devices still utilize technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth and ZigBee that are not capable of performing DSA. The chapter summarizes existing work in the field of spectrum management in the IoT, by highlighting the requirements and the limitations of existing solutions.