Zero-bit fragile watermarking for medical image tamper detection and recovery using RS code and lifting wavelet transform
Nour El-Houda Golea, Kamal Eddine Melkemi, Ali Behloul · The Imaging Science Journal · 2021
Medical images are habitually composed of Regions of Interest (ROI) and Region of Non-interest (RONI). ROI means the area containing the crucial information for diagnosis. To achieve the fidelity and integrity of the ROI, we propose a novel watermarking approach based on two great concepts zero-watermarking and Error Correcting Code (ECC). Tamper detection and recovery information are stored in RONI which accepts some visual quality degradation. Experimental results prove that our proposed approach produces a good performance in terms of imperceptibility and the ability to resist several hard attacks. The proposed scheme can recover 100% of the ROI until 15% of distortion is caused by salt and pepper noise. For multiplicative and Gaussian noise, the scheme has also a good capability of recovery (between 70% and 100%). With close to 20% of distortion, the system can recover 50% of the ROI. The proposed method has also a good capability of recovery against cropping and image processing operations.