Dynamic Fog Federation Scheme for Internet of Vehicles
Ahmad Hammoud, Maria Kantardjian, Amir Najjar, Azzam Mourad, Hadi Otrok, Zbigniew Dziong, Nadra Guizani · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · 2022
Federated fog computing is an answer for horizontally upscaling fog resources to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, the dynamic nature of some IoT’s crucial components, such as the ones of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), may hinder the QoS improvement and result in its deterioration instead. Specifically, delays can occur due to the unoptimized distribution of services and unbalanced network traffic loads on the fog nodes. The current federated fog architectures ignore the mobility of users during the formation of fog federations. In this work, we present an adaptive and efficient fog federation formation scheme using game theory according to the service requirements. The problem formulation in terms of forming the federations and offloading requests among fog members is formulated as an integer program, then modeled as a Hedonic game. We adopt the Merge & Split as a formation technique, where the federations that are not satisfied in terms of QoS merge with other federations that would enhance the service performance. Our adaptive fog federation formation mechanism is designed to cope with the environmental changes in the IoV paradigm. Experimental evaluation shows that our framework can acquire better QoS and lower time to form the federations compared to the literature.