Edge-Oriented Social Distance Monitoring System Based on MTCNN
Erick C. Valverde, Oroceo Paul Angelo, Angela C. Caliwag, Muhammad Adib Kamali, Wansu Lim, Martin Maier · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics · 2022
Social distance monitoring (SDM) systems are vital in fighting the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). Existing SDM systems employ bounding box-method, which imposes inaccurate distance estimation due to the high variance in its output coordinates. To solve this problem, an SDM system based on multitask cascaded convolutional neural networks (MTCNN) is proposed. Instead of using bounding box coordinates, face detection and facial landmarks localization of MTCNN are used to provide fixed coordinates and increase the distance estimation accuracy of SDM. However, while the accuracy issue is solved by using MTCNN, the SDM system suffer from large computational requirements due to the cascaded networks added on top of the distance estimation process. To deal with this challenge, a constrained optimization technique is employed to each stage of MTCNN with the goal of reducing its hardware requirements while keeping the same reliability as the original implementation. Experimental results show that the SDM system based on the optimized MTCNN achieves higher accuracy performance with reduced computational requirements as compared with conventional SDM systems. This allows the proposed SDM system using optimized MTCNN to be deployed efficiently on edge devices.