A Surrogate-Based Technique for Android Malware Detectors' Explainability
Martina Morcos, Hussam Al Hamadi, Ernesto Damiani, Sivaprasad Nandyala, Brian McGillion · 2022
With the emergence of Android malware and be-havioral polymorphism, it has been increasingly popular to use advanced machine learning and deep learning approaches for malware detection. Despite the fact that such classifiers have proven accurate in real-life settings, they remain uninterpretable and difficult for analysts and users to comprehend how they arrive at their classification decisions. Considering that the exfiltration of sensitive information is one of the most significant security threats, we examined both monograms and trigrams of system calls for normal and malicious software and received higher detection accuracy by using the trigram dataset. Based on this, we propose an auxiliary architecture for model explainability of complex data features via enhancement and aggregation of the auxiliary model with the main model based on the degree of disagreement between the two models. In this study, we employ the SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) framework to interpret the random forest models in order to identify the features most influential in predicting the model's predictions, along with quantifying their contributions to individual predictions. The obtained results confirm that the models are not biased and the features that influence the classification prediction are intuitive in terms of the exfiltration problem in question. In addition, our proposed methodology increases transparency and interpretability of our exfiltration detection model running in production, increasing the users' trust in the model's predictions.