The Use of Digital Technology for Enhancing Proof in Forensic Document Examination
Kipouras Pavlos · 2022
Visual perception is the most important tool for Forensic Document Examination (FDE). However, the limits of human visual perception, along with multiple optical illusions intrinsic to human vision, mean that objectively measuring digital software tools are needed to supplement expert human evaluation of documents. Specifically, standardized scanning and processing of documents are essential, using easily available commercial software. It is crucial that scanned questioned documents can then be studied without time limitations and without fear of damaging the original documents. Moreover, FDE dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) software applications and image processing software are also very useful for signature and/or handwriting authentication, as the software results are independent of the user. Thus, the use of digital technology enhances proof in FDE cases in courts. Knowledge of specific human visual limitations – the major ones listed here – is a prerequisite, so that the examiner knows in which situations human eyesight is less reliable than digital software calculations. A case study is provided, demonstrating the utility of this approach. Future perspectives of the application of digital technology in FDE, along with correlation to kinesiology and electromyography, are also discussed.