Informatique quantique : une courte introduction.
Thomas Cluzel, Claude Mazel, David R.C. Hill · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 2019
In this short introduction paper, we first describe the principles of quantum physics required to understand quantum computing, namely, quantum superposition, quantum entanglement and wave-function collapse. These principles define the behavior of a qubit which represents quantum information. Qubits are limited by decoherence, which prevents them to stay in a superposed state for a long period of time, and by the no-cloning theorem, which prevents the copy of the superposed state of a qubit. We finally mention that to process quantum data represented with qubits with quantum algorithms, we need quantum circuits composed of quantum gates.