A Study on Post‐Quantum Blockchain: The Next Innovation for Smarter and Safer Cities
G.K. Kamalam, R. S. Shudapreyaa · 2022
The populace is proliferating; however, the resources are not growing. To scat- ter to wishes to humans and to improve their standard of dwelling, the smart city concept is bought. Smart metropolis aims to make most desirable and sustainable use of all resources while keeping an appropriate balance between social, environmental, and economic fees. Smart cities have diverse businesses, markets, and sectors. The application for a smart city benefits from the data obtained by a large number of sensors to establish an exact decision made. The relationship between various components and the introduction of a smart city, however, urges protection interventions when they face vital security threats and concerns with credibility. The blockchain is a dispensed ledger between peers; this is append-only, immutable, updateable by consensus, and cryp- tographically secure because of its good properties such as decentralization, auditability, immutability, and accountability. Blockchain has the power to facil- itate the growth of smart cities. In order to establish a stable, validated, and unalterable knowledge ledger, blockchain operates by validating transactions through a distributed network. Research teams have used blockchain's assistant to protect smart cities and increase the precision of their decisions to fix this dilemma. Quantum computers, which are machines that use quantum physics to solve mathematical problems that are difficult or impossible to solve with regular computer hardware, have gotten a lot of attention in recent years. When quantum computers become widely available, all present public key cryptosys- tems will be able to break them, resulting in the creation of large-scale quantum computers. The secrecy and security of digital correspondence on the Internet and elsewhere will be severely undermined by this. Post-quantum cryptography strives to provide cryptographic architecture that can work with existing proto- cols and networks while remaining secure against conventional and quantum computers. However, with the latest emergence of quantum computers, along with blockchain itself, quantum-based algorithms definitely challenge the reli- ability of classical encryption, angering blockchain-based application insurance, including vital applications like the smart cities. In this chapter, we reveal the architecture of blockchain-based smart cities and provide an outline of under- standing that involves the risks of a quantum machine on blockchain and ulti- mately smart citybased blockchain implementations.