On Concrete Characterization of Universal Graphic Automata
Vladimir Alexandrovich Molchanov, Renat Abuhanovich Farakhutdinov · Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics · 2022
Automata theory is one of the branches of mathematical cybernetics, that studies information transducers that arise in many applied problems. The major objective of automata theory is to develop methods by which one can describe and analyze the dynamic behavior of discrete systems. Depending on study tasks, automata are considered, for which the set of states and the set of output signals are equipped with additional mathematical structures preserved by the transition and output functions of automata. In this paper, we investigate automata over graphs and call them graphic automata. For graphs $$G_{1},G_{2}$$ a universal graphic automaton $$\text{Atm}(G_{1},G_{2})$$ is the universally attracted object in the category of graphic automata, for which the set of states is equipped with the structure of the graph $$G_{1}$$ and the set of output signals is equipped with the structure of the graph $$G_{2}$$ . The input signal semigroup of the universal graphic automaton is $$S(G_{1},G_{2})=\text{End}\ G_{1}\times\text{Hom}(G_{1},G_{2})$$ . It may be considered as a derived algebraic system of the mathematical object $$\text{Atm}(G_{1},G_{2})$$ . It is common knowledge that properties of the semigroup are closely interconnected with properties of the algebraic structure of the automaton. This suggests that universal graphic automata may be researched using their input signal semigroups. In this article, we investigate the concrete characterization problem of graphic automata over reflexive graphs. The main result of our study states necessary and sufficient conditions for an automaton to be a universal graphic automaton over reflexive graphs.