PROTOCOL: Hate online and in traditional media: A systematic review of the evidence for associations or impacts on individuals, audiences, and communities
Ghayda Hassan, Jihan Rabah, Pablo Madriaza, Sébastien Brouillette‐Alarie, Eugene Borokhovski, David I. Pickup, Wynnpaul Varela, Melina Girard, Loïc Durocher‐Corfa, Emmanuel Danis · Campbell Systematic Reviews · 2022
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review: The objectives are as follows: (1) to critically and systematically synthesize the empirical evidence on the effects or impacts of exposure to or consumption, active search, or promotion of hate content online or in traditional media; (2) to describe how the characteristics of hate (e.g., type of content, ideologies, severity, type of platform) impact the documented effects; (3) to collect and identify the role of contextual variables (e.g., individual traits, age, gender, socio-economic background) on the documented effects; (4) to collect and produce a meaningful classification of outcomes; and (5) to identify gaps and limitations in the research and related policy documents.