Long Short-Term Memory Network for Development and Simulation of Warfarin Dosing Model Based on Time Series Anticoagulant Data
Yun Kuang, Yaxin Liu, Qi Pei, Xiaoyi Ning, Yi Sheng Zou, Liming Liu, Long Song, Chengxian Guo, Yuanyuan Sun, Kunhong Deng, Chan Zou, Dongsheng Cao, Yimin Cui, Chengkun Wu, Guoping Yang · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 2022
Background: Warfarin is an effective treatment for thromboembolic disease but has a narrow therapeutic index, and dosage can differ tremendously among individuals. The study aimed to develop an individualized international normalized ratio (INR) model based on time series anticoagulant data and simulate individualized warfarin dosing. Methods: We used a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to develop an individualized INR model based on data from 4,578 follow-up visits, including clinical and genetic factors from 624 patients whom we enrolled in our previous randomized controlled trial. The data of 158 patients who underwent valvular surgery and were included in a prospective registry study were used for external validation in the real world. Results: < 0.05). Genetic factors played an important role in predicting INR at the onset of therapy, while after 15 days of treatment, we found that it might unnecessary to detect genotypes for warfarin dosing. Using LSTM_INR, we successfully simulated individualized warfarin dosing and developed an application (AI-WAR) for individualized warfarin therapy. Conclusion: The results indicate that temporal variables are necessary to be considered in warfarin therapy, except for clinical factors and genetic factors. LSTM network may have great potential for long-term drug individualized therapy. Trial Registration: NCT02211326; www.chictr.org.cn:ChiCTR2100052089.