The R ‐Package, Sampling Procedures, and Random Variables
Dieter Rasch, Rob Verdooren, Jürgen Pilz · 2019
This chapter provides an overview of the software package R and introduces basic knowledge about random variables and sampling procedures. Anybody can extend the functionality of R without any restrictions using free software tools; moreover, it is also possible to implement special statistical methods as well as certain procedures of C and FORTRAN. Such tools are offered on the internet in standardised archives. Apart from only a few exceptions, R contains implementations for all statistical methods concerning analysis, evaluation, and planning. A (concrete) sample is the result of a sampling procedure. Samples resulting from a random sampling procedure are said to be (concrete) random samples or shortly samples. There are several random sampling procedures that can be used in practice. Basic sets of objects are mostly called (statistical) populations or, synonymously, (statistical) universes. The chapter shows how R can easily solve simple problems of sampling.