Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation: 3D virtual osteotomy
James J. Xia, Horace H. S. Ip, Nabil Samman, Dongfeng Wang, C.S.B. Kot, Richie Wai Kit Yeung, Henk Tideman · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · 2000
A computer-assisted three-dimensional virtual osteotomy system for orthognathic surgery (CAVOS) is presented. The virtual reality workbench is used for surgical planning. The surgeon immerses in a virtual reality environment with stereo eyewear, holds a virtual “scalpel” (3D Mouse) and operates on a “real” patient (3D visualization) to obtain pre-surgical prediction (3D bony segment movements). Virtual surgery on a computer-generated 3D head model is simulated and can be visualized from any arbitrary viewing point in a personal computer system.