Driver Monitoring
Raja Bala, Edgar A. Bernal · 2017
Driver inattention is a major cause of traffic accidents and fatalities worldwide. This has spawned considerable interest and research toward using computer vision and other forms of sensing technologies to proactively monitor driver behavior and provide appropriate feedback and intervention to enhance safety and comfort. This chapter presents an overview of in-vehicle driver monitoring technologies with a focus on visual sensing, analysis, and feedback. Driver behavior can be inferred both directly from inward driver-facing cameras and indirectly from outward scene-facing sensors. Since the latter is covered elsewhere in the text, the chapter emphasizes the former and describes methodologies for acquiring footage of driver-facing video, techniques to efficiently detect the face and eyes, algorithms for gaze direction and head pose estimation, facial expression monitoring techniques, and fusion of multimodal data acquired by heterogeneous sensors. A broad survey of the state of the art is complemented with a detailed treatment of a few selected topics.