Constituent Structure: Categories and Derivations
Roger Fowler · 2016
Forconvenienceofreference,hereagainarethefourphrasestructureruleswhich,accordingtothepreviouschapter,thebaseof thesyntaxmustcontain: (i)S-+NP+PredP (ii)PredP-+Aux+{~p} Adj NP (iii)NP-+Det+N (iv)VP-+V+{NP} Adj Wenowturnourattentiontothesymbolswhicharemanipulated bytheserules.Thereareninesymbols:S,PredP,NP,VP,N,V,Adj, DetandAux.AllexceptSarenamesfortypesofconstituents,for constitqentpartsofhigher-levelunits.Siscalledtheinitialsymbol ofthegrammar-theforceoftheterm&s;initial&s;willbecomeobvious whenweconsiderderivationalprocessesinthelatterhalfofthis chapter:itisthesymbolwithwhicheveryderivationbegins.It standsfortheclassofobjects-underlyingP-markers-whichthe PSGdefines.NotethatSdoesnotstandfor&s;sentence&s;:&s;sentence&s; isageneraltermforoneoftheclassofobjectswhichthegrammar asawhole,andnotjustthephrase-structuresection,defines.A sentencemayconsistofoneSorofmorethanone.