Introduction to the Internet Protocol
Todd Lammle · 2018
This chapter examines the protocols of TCP/IP, covering the DoD's version of TCP/IP. The development work on TCP/IP happened at UC Berkeley in Northern California, where a group of scientists were simultaneously working on the Berkeley version of Unix, which soon became known as the BSD, or the Berkeley Software Distribution series of Unix versions. A vast array of protocols operate at the DoD model's Process/Application layer to integrate the various activities and duties spanning the focus of the OSI's corresponding top three layers. The Internet layer corresponds to the OSI's Network layer, designating the protocols relating to the logical transmission of packets over the entire network. It takes care of the logical addressing of hosts by giving them an IP address, and it handles the routing of packets among multiple networks.