Sensor Fingerprints: Camera Identification and Beyond
Matthias Kirchner · Advances in computer vision and pattern recognition · 2022
Abstract Every imaging sensor introduces a certain amount of noise to the images it captures—slight fluctuations in the intensity of individual pixels even when the sensor plane was lit absolutely homogeneously. One of the breakthrough discoveries in multimedia forensics is that photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU), a multiplicative noise component caused by inevitable variations in the manufacturing process of sensor elements, is essentially a sensor fingerprint that can be estimated from and detected in arbitrary images. This chapter reviews the rich body of literature on camera identification from sensor noise fingerprints with an emphasis on still images from digital cameras and the evolving challenges in this domain.