Kicking in Virtual Reality: The Influence of Foot Visibility on the Shooting Experience and Accuracy
Michael Bonfert, Stella Lemke, Robert Porzel, Rainer Malaka · 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · 2022
When playing sports in virtual reality foot interaction is crucial for many disciplines. We investigated how the visibility of the foot influences penalty shooting in soccer. In a between-group experiment, we asked 28 players to hit eight targets with a virtual ball. We measured the performance, task load, presence, ball control, and body ownership of inexperienced to advanced soccer players. In one condition, the players saw a visual representation of their tracked foot which improved the accuracy of the shots significantly. Players with invisible foot needed 58% more attempts. Further, with foot visibility the self-reported body ownership was higher.