The Maturation of Artificial Intelligence
Jacques Patrick Barbet, Adrien Foucquier, Yves Thomas · 2020
This chapter highlights the main elements of artificial intelligence (AI) in order to understand its evolution. It begins with an introduction on Babbage machines and universal Turing machine. The study of the different types of machine learning, whose processes are inspired by those of humans, has been central to the research work in AI, particularly since the early 1980s. The rise of Big Data mainly heralds the return of the use of neural networks with the emergence of innovative automatic learning methods grouped under the term “deep learning”. The characteristic that was of particular interest to cybernetics researchers is the ability of neural networks to self-organize. The theoretical foundations, with a cognitive tendency, and the structure of the expert systems were largely based on those of the programs, initially Logic Theorist and General Problem Solver (GPS).