Robustness investigation of DCT digital watermark for printing and scanning
Tadashi Mizumoto, Kineo Matsui · Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III Fundamental Electronic Science) · 2002
Abstract This paper reports the effect of printing and scanning on digital watermarks for a hard copy image and investigates the necessary conditions for the watermark to be robust against the printing and scanning process. The effect of the printing and scanning process on the image content is presented first, and that on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain is discussed next. Thus, we have necessary conditions for the watermark to be robust and present a sufficient condition to construct robust watermarking. It is realized by decreasing mutual interference between the embedded elements. This will enable us to make image content common to both the electrical nets and the physical nets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(4): 11–19, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10059