A primer in fluid mechanics : dynamics of flows in one space dimension
William B. Brower · 1998
Fluid Properties - Kinetic Theory of Gases Introduction The Macroscopic View of Matter The Liquid State On the Kinetic Theory of Gases Mass Density Pressure in a Gas The Molecular Mean-Free-Path Length Relation between Viscosity and Mean-Free-Path Length On Heat Conduction On the Units of Viscosity On the Viscosity of Real Gases Heat Conduction Coefficient for Dilute Gases On the Viscosity of Liquids Availability and Future Sources of Fluid Property Data Fluid Statics Introduction Equilibrium and Pressure in a Fluid Classification of Forces The Fundamental Equation of Fluid Statics Equation of Fluid Statics for a Uniform Gravitational Field Pressure-Height Relation in a Liquid Elementary Pressure-Measuring Instruments An Application in Manometry Forces and Moments on Submerged Surfaces Applications Involving Forces and Moments on Curved Surfaces Forces on Submerged Bodies The Concept of Static Stability Application: Stability of a Buoy On the Stability of a Floating Parabolic Segment Fluid Statics of the Atmosphere US Standard Atmosphere Concept of Geopotential Height Stability of the Atmosphere Buoyancy in the Atmosphere Application of the Inverse Square Law of Gravitation: Pressure at the Center of the Earth Surface Tension The Equation of Fluid Mechanics Introduction Concepts from Kinematics Relating Observed Motion for Two Different Observers Kinematics in a Flow Field Time Derivatives and the Substantial Derivative Illustrative Examples Example Involving Other Time Derivatives Concept of a One-Dimensional Flow The Postulates of Fluid Dynamics The Continuity Equation Invariance of Continuity Equation under Change of Observer The Dynamical Equation of Motion On Newton's Second Law On Concepts from Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Energy Equation Dissipation and the Role of Friction Wok and the Integrated Form of the Energy Equation The Linear Momentum Equation Summary Applications in Constant-Density Flow Introduction A Catalogue of Restrictions The Equations of Incompressible (Constant-Density) Flow Bernoulli's Equation Total Pressure Frictionless Flow out of a Pressurized Reservoir On Quasi-Steady Flow Flow Losses in Internal Inlets Elementary Flow Metering Devices Two Flow-Rate Examples Pitot and Pitot-Static Tubes Elementary Applications of the Momentum Equation The Borda-Carnot Relation for a Sudden Enlargement The Borda Mouthpiece Forces on Vanes, Power Production The Rocket-Sled Water Brake The Water Sprinkler Problem Dimensional Analysis, Dynamical Similitude and Inspectional Analysis Dimensions versus Units Standards in Science and Technology Complete Physical Equations and Dimensional Homogeneity A Primitive Example of Dimensional Homogeneity The Role of Dimensionless Parameters The Buckingham Pi Theorem Application of the Pi Theorem Alternative Method for Determining the Pi-Ratios Example Where the Number of Pi-Ratios Is Greater than M-N Kinematical and Dynamical Similarity On the Physical Significance of the Reynolds Number Inspectional Analysis Dynamical Similarity and Modeling A Dimensional Analysis and an Inspectional Analysis Compared to the Complete Solution Effects of Viscosity in Pipes and Conduits A Historical Note The Experiments of Hagen and Poiseuille on Flow through Capillary Tubes Stokes' Solution for Hagen-Poiseuille Flow On the Correlation of Theory and Experiment The Darcy-Weisbach Equation for Head Loss in a Pipe Reynolds' Experiments on the Nature of Turbulence and the Discovery of a Criterion for the Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow The Application of Dimensional Analysis to Pipe Flow Zagarola and the Superpipe Flow in Artificially Roughened Pipes Flow Losses in Commercial Pipes Pumping Power to Maintain a Pipe Flow Computation of Power Required in a Non-Uniform Duct Hydraulic Calculations for Simple Conduits and Flow Loops Steady Flow through an Elastic Tube Steady Compressible Flow Introductory Remarks Thermodynamics of Fluids The Equations of Steady One-Dimensional Flow On the Propagation of Disturbances The Speed of Sound On the Maximum Speed of a Fluid Expanding into a Vacuum Discrepancies between Theory and Experiment Total Conditions in a Compressible Flow - Introduction to Mach Number Application - Temperature Rise at the Nose of a Re-Entry Vehicle Necessary Conditions for Accelerating a Flow in an Ideal Nozzle Isentropic Flow through a de Laval Nozzle The Appearance of Shock Waves in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Normal Shock Waves On the Structure of Shock Waves Analysis of Flow through a de Laval Nozzle with Shock Waves Fanno Processes Isothermal Flow The Inflow Problem Non-Steady Flow Introduction Analysis of Starting Flow in a Pipe Supplied by an Infinite Reservoir Non-Steady Liquid Flow through an Orifice in a Reservoir The Draining of a Conical Reservoir On the Notion of Characteristics Theory of Hyperbolic Equations for Functions of Two Independent Variables The General Equations for One-Dimensional Non-Steady Gas Flow in a Constant-Area Duct Impulsive Motion of a Piston in a Duct Propagation of an Isentropic Finite-Amplitude Compression Pulse An Approach to Acoustics