Modeling the Degree of Realized Expectation in Functional Tonal Music: A Study of Perceptual and Cognitive Modeling Using Neural Networks
Dan Gang, Jonathan C Berger · 1996
We describe a model of music cognition based on fluctuations in the degree of realized expectation (DRE) in which we employ a neural network which receives representations of standard and anomalous chord progressions derived from opening periods of piano sonatas by Mozart and Haydn. In order to account for essential metric information we incorporate sequential data with temporal information, by integrating a subnetwork with the sequential net. This sub-net imposes metric information into the different states of the sequential net. The system demonstrates how a rhetorically based norm provides a listener with a framework within which a normative DRE is established. The DRE is manipulated by composers to produce musical surprises. In analyzing the results of the network, we observe how much of the target is present in the distribution of the units' activation in the output layer. By considering the distribution, we interpret the implications expected by the output. Over time this forms a...