A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques Based on Discrete Cosine Transform
Almula Busra Sahin, İnan Güler · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · 2021
In this study, a literature review was presented to examine digital image watermarking techniques based on Discrete Cosine Transform DCT . General features of the digital watermarking method, frequency domain & spatial domain techniques, and some important issues about DCT were also presented. The studies were classified according to the application methods of the DCT, the features of the watermarking technique, the watermark extraction method, robustness, and usage area. Finally, the results have shown thatDCT has increased the robustness of watermarking by providing ease of use in many methods from simple to complex, machine learning and optimization techniques would be frequently used methods for improving the studies.