Review Article: Breast Calcifications on Mammography
P Kameswari · Novel Approaches in Cancer Study · 2021
the detection and differentiation of calcifications.The introduction of DBT (Digital Breast Tomosynthesis) along with FFDM (Full Field Digital Mammography), has further increased sensitivity and resolution.The use of BIRADS lexicon for assessing morphology, size and distribution of calcifications standardizes the reporting and enables better communication between radiologists and referring physicians.Our review covers the BIRADS descriptors for calcifications, their varied imaging appearances, and suitable recommendations. Breast Calcifications: PathogenesisIn the ducts and lobules of the breast, calcifications are formed by calcium deposition within mucin accumulating in the duct, lobular acini or cavities associated with the lesion. These calcifications can appear in low to intermediate grade DCIS or benign conditionssuch as sclerosing adenosis and ductal hyperplasia.They take a round or hazy/amorphous shape with size of the calcification depending on the size of the duct.Calcifications within the ducts and lobules can also be formed by the calcium deposition within cell debris and AbstractBreast calcifications are the most common finding on mammograms and can show significant morphological variability.With the help of the BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) lexicon they can be divided into benign and malignant types but there remains overlap between these two categories.Micro calcifications which fall in the 'suspicious' category can occur without the presence of an associated mass or architectural distortion.Micro-calcifications are also one of the first features to be seen on mammograms in DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ), leading to early diagnosis and prompt treatment.With the advent of newer technologies in imaging, more information regarding the radiological extent of disease and cancer type associated with the calcification can be determined.This review aims to cover the BIRADS fifth edition descriptors and lexicons of breast calcifications on mammography. BackgroundCalcifications are a common entity on mammograms, with most being benign.With the evolution in mammogram technology and screening programmes, microcalcifications have become easier to detect with reporting of DCIS increasing, thereby reducing patient mortality.With this review paper, we aim to review the imaging descriptors of benign and malignant calcifications seen on mammograms with a pictorial representation and brief literature review.