1. Adaptive routing for emergency communication via MANET
Manjusha Deshmukh, Sangeeta Kakarwal · 2019
In the past, mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have emerged due to their wide applicability in the field of disaster recovery, police operations, crowd management, emergency and military operations such as battle fields. Furthermore, through the advent of sensor-enabled intelligent mobile devices, MANETs have become a crucial element in the framework of Internet of things (IoT) and smart city developments. MANET is a decentralized system consisting of mobile nodes capable of forming a self-configurable, infrastructure-less and continuously evolving network. The lack of infrastructure empowers each mobile node to accomplish routing operation to confirm connectivity in MANET. Therefore, routing in MANET is an interesting operation. Most of the routing protocols used MANET as the basic broadcasting mechanism for flooding. In flooding, in order to find the route from source to destination, the packet is broadcasted to the neighboring nodes which in turn broadcast it to its neighboring nodes and this process sustains until the packet reaches to the destination. This neighborhood processing in MANET leads to broadcast storm problem. Traditional broadcast schemes have been presented to avoid broadcast storms by inhibiting some rebroadcasts. Another issue is the link failures caused by node mobility and energy exhaustion. In this chapter, we introduce a novel energy-efficient counter-based scheme and extend the scheme to reflect the mobility of node into an account to address these network challenges of MANET. In the proposed scheme, the decision of broadcasting is taken based on neighborhood, mobility and the energy of mobile nodes. The simulation results reveal that proposed schemes decrease the packet loss, the latency time and achieve lower energy consumption, better packet delivery and throughput when compared to ad hoc on-demand distance vector and hybrid counter-based broadcast routing protocol.