Optimization Mechanism for Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Assisted IoT
Urmila N. Shrawankar, Kapil Hande · 2021
In many applications of the WSN, the major challenge is efficient consumption of energy by the nodes, thereby leading to the methods for optimized route management, congestion control mechanisms, and better traffic allocation. The proposed aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the method of combining clustering and traffic allocation protocol to achieve load balancing that increases the network lifetime. If the idea behind clustering of nodes is to evenly distribute the load on all discovered paths which will lead to balanced energy consumption at each node, in general; then, that behind combining it with traffic allocation protocol is to effectively smooth out the traffic evenly on all discovered routes. The protocol comprises of three steps, namely, initialization of network, clustering, and traffic allocation. The clustering phase will select the cluster head on the basis of the nodes’ energy level, and the traffic allocation phase distributes the data packets according to the capacity of the routes, in which process sensor nodes act as forwarding agents collecting the data packets arriving from the source node and forwarding it to nearest cluster head. To ensure the energy distribution is even in the network, average energy as well as consumed energy parameters are applied to optimize the process of cluster head selection. Traffic allocation strategy is also implemented to distribute the data packets evenly in all discovered paths, where traffic allocation consists of two parts: route weight assignment method and distributing the load evenly among the all discovered paths. In this chapter, the performance of the energy saving method is simulated and the results are encouraging. The network lifetime increases by 30%, in case of protocol, than what the traditional protocols used in WSN achieve. The energy consumption and saving methods also deliver the messages at double the rate than what traditional protocols achieve. However, WSN assisted IoT has various implementation issues related to energy and routing protocols. Still, the energy saving method is useful in many monitoring applications based on IoT and WSN. Sensor nodes are the major factor in construction of IoT based infrastructure and applications. The chapter will focus on the solutions for efficient energy management in WSN assisted IoT.