PSO-Based Software for Optimal Nanogrid Sizing Considering Time-Of-Use Tariff
Nelson Henrique Bertollo Santana, Arthur Eduardo Alves Amorim · 2021
A new paradigm for the electric power system is taking place. The integration of distributed generation, energy storage systems, and other technologies have emerged the concept of microgrids and their smaller version, called nanogrids. Micro and nanogrids makes smart grids feasible, which allows a greater user autonomy and higher benefits to both utility grid and consumer. However, from the user’s perspective, the initial investment in a nanogrid is still high, demanding an accurate financial analysis to evaluate the most adequate size of the generators and storage system. In this scenario, this work proposes a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based software that analyzes the global cost of a residential nanogrid composed by battery energy storage system, solar photovoltaic and wind generation. The software evaluates the nanogrid investment costs and energy costs applying different quantities to each components. The results show that the PSO algorithm has good convergence and consistence in providing the optimal results. The optimal result for the analyzed data is an exclusive 5.1 kWp solar system, that is, without wind generation and battery storage system. This arrangement potentially provides a cost reduction of 27% in a 30-year horizon analysis. The low wind speed in the analyzed location and the still elevated acquisition prices made the inclusion of these technologies not profitable and thus not included in the software optimal results.