Low overhead universality and quantum supremacy using only Z control
Brian Barch, Razieh Mohseninia, Daniel A. Lidar · Physical Review Research · 2021
We consider a model of quantum computation we call ``varying $Z$'' ($\mathrm{V}Z$), defined by applying controllable $Z$-diagonal Hamiltonians in the presence of a uniform and constant external $X$ field, and prove that it is universal, even in one dimension. Universality is demonstrated by construction of a universal gate set with $O(1)$ depth overhead. We then use this construction to describe a circuit whose output distribution cannot be classically simulated unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses, with the goal of providing a low-resource method of demonstrating quantum supremacy. The $\mathrm{V}Z$ model can achieve quantum supremacy in $O(n)$ depth in one dimension, equivalent to the random circuit sampling models despite a higher degree of homogeneity: it requires no individually addressed $X$ control.