Drug Receptor Interactions, Metabolism, and Preclinical Drugs for SARS COV 2
Angayarkanni Thirumalai, Chalos Angel Varghese, Harsha N. Deepika J · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research · 2021
Drugs by definition are categorized as those agents that can bring about a change in any living species and habitually used for therapeutic purposes.Mostly majority of drugs show an extraordinarily high correlation of structure and specificity to produce pharmacological effects.A large classification of them put forth their physiologic effects by binding with a naturally selective receptor and thus making the drug-receptor interaction an extensively studied subject, bearing in mind the complex intracellular biochemistry, pharmacology, and energetics involved in the entire event.Experimental studies specify that drugs interact with receptor sites localized in macromolecules that have got protein-like properties and also specific three-dimensional shapes.Drug metabolism is an important process for the removal of unwanted substances from the body.An abnormal drug metabolism profile could lead to lifethreatening complications.Both phase I (mainly CYP450s) and phase II (mainly UGTs) enzymes play a significant role in drug metabolism.Although metabolites, in general, are expected to be not active and not toxic, certain metabolites can cause hepatotoxicity.Various diseases may potentially change the metabolic profile of a drug by altering the expression and function of key enzymes.Additionally, coadministration of multiple drugs may also lead to drug-drug interaction and adverse reactions due to competitive binding to the same metabolizing enzyme.Currently, SARS Cov 2 is an illness ongoing worldwide.This virus is responsible for severe respiratory illness and nearly 2,500,000 people worldwide have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.No vaccine or antiviral drugs are available currently to treat SARS-CoV-2.Different pre-clinical studies suggested that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, ivermectin, tocilizumab, ribavirin, and anti-inflammatory drugs can show a promising outcome for SARS-Cov-2.This review article focuses on the drug-receptor interaction, drug metabolism, and preclinical drugs for SARS Cov 2.