Security Analysis of Paxos Mechanism Design Based on Game Theory
Bin Li, Jianguo Jiang · 2020
At present, a large number of token-less blockchain system use Paxos algorithm to reach a consensus. Based on game theory, this paper finds that when Paxos algorithm runs, each node in system may produce a kind of selfish behavior. The selfish behavior will lead to a game, which is called the computing resource dilemma game in this paper. By analyzing the payoff matrix and establishing the utility function model, it is found that Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium in the game needs to meet certain security conditions. Otherwise, each node will choose an uncooperative strategy, which will eventually lead to the system stop working. By solving the perfect Nash equilibrium solution of the subgame in the game, the security conditions for achieving the purpose(each node adheres to the cooperative strategy) of Paxos mechanism design are obtained. And the effectiveness of the security conditions is proved by simulation experiments.