Fakes and Forgeries of Written Artefacts: An Introduction
Cécile Michel, Michael Friedrich · 2020
See Myers 1996, Rosenblum 2000 or Landon 2003, among others.Köhler 2015 also includes types of fakes.Freeman 2014 and Havens 2014 are concerned with the Bibliotheca Fictiva, which is a collection of literary forgeries from 400 BCE to the present day.According to Havens (2014, 27), manuscript forgeries are 'physical "autograph" specimens that represent the perennial effort of forgers to establish alternative truths in unique written forms ostensibly recorded for the ages by the great figures of literature and history'.2 For instance, 'Fake and Real in Ancient and Modern Societies -Objects, Places and Practices' (Goethe University, Frankfurt, 15-16 March 2018); 'Faking It -Forgery and Fabrication in Late Medieval and Early Modern Culture' (University of Gothenburg, August 2019); 'Impostures savantes.Le faux, une autre science de l'antiquité' (Paris, INHA, 6-7 May 2015); 'Imitations, copies et faux -Des rives du Nil à Rome' (Paris, Collège de France, 14-15 January 2016, published in Gaber et al. 2018).3 Also see Unearthing the Truth: Egypt's Pagan and Coptic Sculptures, February 2009, Brooklyn Museum; 'Intent to Deceive: Close Examination: Fakes, Mistakes and Discoveries' (London National Gallery, 30 June-12 December 2010); 'Fakes and Forgeries in the Art World' (Springfield Museums, 21 January-27 April 2014) and earlier exhibitions mentioned in Craddock 2009, 6. 4 The museum, which is dedicated to paintings, opened in 2005 and is at Löwengasse 28, 1030 Vienna, Austria.Its website is at