Navigation with Cellular Signals of Opportunity
Zaher M. Kassas · 2020
This chapter focuses on explaining how user equipment-based navigation could be achieved. It discusses how cellular signals could be used for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) by presenting relevant signal models, receiver architectures, PNT sources of error and corresponding models, navigation frameworks, and experimental results. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the evolution of cellular systems. It then discusses modeling the clock error dynamics to facilitate estimating the unknown base transceiver stations' (BTSs) clock error states. This is followed by a description of frameworks for navigation in cellular environments. Further, the chapter discusses how to navigate with cellular code-division multiple access and long-term evolution signals, respectively. It discusses a timing error that arises in cellular networks: clock bias discrepancy between different sectors of a BTS cell. The chapter highlights the achieved navigation solution improvement upon fusing cellular signals with global navigation satellite system signals.