History and Motivation
Richard R. Brooks, İlker Özçelik · 2020
This chapter provides historical context for understanding Distributed Denial of Service. This history is not exhaustive, because the number of attacks makes that prohibitive. Network monitoring and security firm Arbor Networks detects on the order of 1300 attacks daily. Communications technologies advanced more rapidly than computing. Optical telegraphs allowed long distance communications in France as of 1790 and spread quickly. The electrical telegraph was enabled by the 1831 invention of the electronic relay. Shortly afterwards the Morse and Baudot binary codes were developed. The MULTICS operating system pioneered with access control enforcement using ideas proposed by Bell and La Padula. Side-channel attacks occur when computer operations leak information through environmental interactions. Exploiting electromagnetic side-channels was given the military code name Tempest.