On sofic groups, Kaplansky's conjectures, and endomorphisms of pro-algebraic groups
Xuan Kien Phung · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2018
Let $G$ be a group. Let $X$ be a connected algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $K$. Denote by $A=X(K)$ the set of $K$-points of $X$. We study a class of endomorphisms of pro-algebraic groups, namely algebraic group cellular automata over $(G,X,K)$. They are cellular automata $\\tau \\colon A^G \\to A^G$ whose local defining map is induced by a homomorphism of algebraic groups $X^M \\to X$ where $M\\subset G$ is a finite memory set of $\\tau$. Our first result is that when $G$ is sofic, such an algebraic group cellular automaton $\\tau$ is invertible whenever it is injective and $\\text{char}(K)=0$. As an application, we prove that if $G$ is sofic and the group $X$ is commutative then the group ring $R[G]$, where $R=\\text{End}(X)$ is the endomorphism ring of $X$, is stably finite. When $G$ is amenable, we show that an algebraic group cellular automaton $\\tau$ is surjective if and only if it satisfies a weak form of pre-injectivity called $(\\bullet)$-pre-injectivity. This yields an analogue of the classical Moore-Myhill Garden of Eden theorem. We also introduce the near ring $R(K,G)$ which is $K[X_g: g \\in G]$ as an additive group but the multiplication is induced by the group law of $G$. The near ring $R(K,G)$ contains naturally the group ring $K[G]$ and we extend Kaplansky's conjectures to this new setting. Among other results, we prove that when $G$ is an orderable group, then all one-sided invertible elements of $R(K,G)$ are trivial, i.e., of the form $aX_g+b$ for some $g\\in G$, $a\\in K^*$, $b\\in K$. This allows us to show that when $G$ is locally residually finite and orderable (e.g. $\\mathbb{Z}^d$ or a free group), and $\\text{char}(K)=0$, all injective algebraic cellular automata $\\tau \\colon \\mathbb{C}^G \\to \\mathbb{C}^G$ are of the form $\\tau(x)(h)= a x(g^{-1}h) +b$ for all $x\\in \\mathbb{C}^G, h \\in G$ for some $g\\in G$, $a\\in \\mathbb{C}^*$, $b\\in \\mathbb{C}$.