How Trusted Execution Environments Fuel Research on Microarchitectural Attacks
Michael Schwarz, Daniel Gruss · IEEE Security & Privacy · 2020
Trusted execution environments (TEEs) enabled research in scenarios where highest-privileged attackers had precise control over systems and microarchitecture. Insights gained from such attacks facilitated the discovery of non-TEE attacks, such as Spectre (as well as Foreshadow from within virtual machines).