Industrial response to time-of-day pricing: a technical and economic assessment of specific load-management strategies. Final report
K. Stern, J. Hoffman · 1980
An evaluation of the technical and economic feasibility of altering existing load shapes in seven industrial operations was performed. The industries studied were petroleum refining, chlorine/caustic production, steel production, cement production, aluminum production, paper production, and pipelines. The approach employed included a good deal of participation by industry representatives, and data were provided by three to six operating plants per industry. Technically feasible load-management strategies were developed for each process studied, and the cost-effectiveness of each strategy was evaluated. The strategies generally fall in the categories of changes in process technology, changes in plant-production schedules, changes in scheduling of off-site activities, or increased self-generation of electric power. In all, seventeen individual strategies were developed for the seven industries studied. Of these, seven were found to offer significant potential for load management in the applications analyzed.