Asynchronous Radio Duty Cycling for Green IoT: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Diego Gimenez Passos, Helga Dolorico Balbi, Ricardo Campanha Carrano, Célio V. N. Albuquerque · IEEE Communications Magazine · 2019
Energy efficiency is paramount for IoT. One of the culprits for energy consumption in a typical sensor or actuator -- core components of IoT -- is the radio. Thus, duty cycling (i.e., turning the radio off when it is not needed) becomes essential. While wireless communication standards commonly include provisions for duty cycling, they are usually based on synchronization, which may be expensive in terms of hardware, software, or control communication overhead. Asynchronous methods have been extensively studied in the context of wireless sensor networks and thus are valuable tools for green IoT deployments. In this article, we provide a review of existing methods, from seminal works to recent proposals. We categorize and compare them qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, we discuss recent trends in the area and suggest topics for future research.