Digital Image Watermarking Scheme in Transform Domain Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Technique
Sarthak Nandi, V. Santhi · 2018
This chapter proposes a watermarking process utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (PSO) that is less computationally complex but also gives good results. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is a technique for multi-resolution decomposition of images. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a linear algebraic technique that is used to decompose a given matrix into three matrices. The chapter discusses the adaptive calculation of scaling and embedding factors using particle swarm optimization. It discusses the watermark embedding process. During the extraction process, the original image is used to obtain the embedding and scaling factors. The proposed methodology can be used to prevent copyright infringement of images in the public or private domain by securely inserting a watermark into the color or gray scale image. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by the results obtained through various attacks implemented on the watermarked images.