Defining Joint Embedding Distortion for Adaptive MP3 Steganography
Yunzhao Yang, Yuntao Wang, Xiaowei Yi, Xianfeng Zhao, Yi Ma · 2019
In this paper, a universal joint embedding distortion function (JED) is proposed to improve the undetectability and imperceptibility of MP3 steganography, which can be applied to Huffman codeword mapping (HCM) and sign bit flipping (SBF). Content-aware and statistical distortions are synthetically modeled to formulate the atom modification of the quantified modified discrete cosine transform (QMDCT) coefficients. On the one hand, to retain the hearing imperceptibility, the absolute threshold of hearing is employed to measure the auditory sensitivity of each QMDCT coefficient. On the other hand, considering most of the existing universal MP3 steganalysis features are designed based on correlations, the forward and backward transition probability are utilized to characterize the correlations between adjacent QMDCT coefficients. What's more, we present an implementation of JED in sign bits domain. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to achieve higher embedding capacity and better imperceptibility. The detection accuracy of the proposed scheme is about 75% with the bitrate of 320kbps and embedding rate of 11kbit/s, which is respectively decreased by 9.54% ~ 16.94% than existing MP3 steganographic methods.