Optimal Deployment Patterns for k-Coverage and k-Connectivity 3D WSNs in Underground Tunnel
Wangsheng Fang, Gao-Xiang Lei, Zhongdong Hu, Jin Li · 2017
In this paper, we first model the mining structure as a arched shape in terms of the tunnel geometry. Based on the regularly placement of nodes in that model, a set of deployment patterns for seamless coverage and k-connectivity is proposed, i.e. 1- and 2-connectivity. Further, we figure out the maximum horizontal distance of tangent plane to determine the placement of nodes for k-coverage (k=1, 2). Besides, the mathematical relations between the communication radius and the sensing radius are derived, when the network keeps k-coverage (k=1, 2) and k-connectivity (k=2, 3) under certain regularity constrains for various patterns. Finally, we demonstrate the optimality of several approaches that we have proposed in the aspect of energy consumption and network lifetime.