Adaptive Quantum Computation, Constant Depth Quantum Circuits and Arthur-Merlin Games
Barbara M. Terhal, David Peter Divincenzo · Quantum Information and Computation · 2004
We present evidence that there exist quantum computations that can be carried out in constant depth, using 2-qubit gates, that cannot be simulated classically with high accuracy. We prove that if one can simulate these circuits classically efficiently then ${\rm BQP} \subseteq {\rm AM}$.