Simpson's Paradox: Examples.
Bokai Wang, Pan Wu, Brian Kwan, Xin Ming Tu, Changyong Feng · PubMed · 2018
Simpson's paradox is very prevalent in many areas. It characterizes the inconsistency between the conditional and marginal interpretations of the data. In this paper, we illustrate through some examples how the Simpson's paradox can happen in continuous, categorical, and time-to-event data.