A Reversible Watermarking Scheme Based on Difference Expansion for Wireless Sensor Networks
Qun Ding, Baowei Wang, Xingming Sun, Jinwei Wang, Jian Shen · International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing · 2015
Wireless sensor networks are self-organized and data-centric.Sensors are typically operated in uncontrolled and possibly hostile environment.Watermark technology has been used for integrity and copyright protection.Some specific application scenarios, such as military, telemedicine and satellite remote sensing, are strict with data integrity and accuracy.They do not allow any change and must be non-destructive data recovery after the requirements of certification.However, previous watermarking-based approaches always make irreversible modifications in the watermarked data.In this paper, we propose a novel reversible watermarking authentication scheme RDE for WSNs, which is based on the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform.Source sensors use a one-way hash function to generate watermark information depending on the adjacent data, and then embed it into these data.After receiving data, the manage node restores the original data and verifies the reliability.The real experiments also demonstrate that our algorithm can losslessly authenticate sensor data with low energy overhead.