Automatic Audio Chord Recognition With MIDI-Trained Deep Feature and BLSTM-CRF Sequence Decoding Model
Yiming Wu, Wei Li · IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing · 2018
With the advances of machine learning technologies, data-driven feature extraction and sequence modeling approaches are being widely explored for automatic chord recognition tasks. Currently, there is a bottleneck in the amount of enough annotated data for training robust acoustic models, as hand-annotating time-synchronized chord labels requires professional musical skills and considerable labor. To cope with this limitation, in this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep feature extractor, which is trained on a large set of time, synchronized musical instrument digital interface audio data pairs and can robustly estimate pitch class activations of real-world music audio recordings. The CNN feature extractor plus a bidirectional long short-term memory conditional random field decoding model forms the proposed hybrid system for automatic chord recognition. Experiments show that the proposed model is compatible for both regular major/minor triad chord classification and larger vocabulary chord recognition, and outperforms other state-of-the-art chord recognition systems.