I-Typed DMML: A Novel DSL for Direct Manipulation Interaction with Virtual Objects
Joong-Jae Lee, Jung-Min Park · Interacting with Computers · 2018
The demand for interactive applications in 3D virtual environments is increasing, but they are not easy to develop.In this article, we propose an I-Typed direct manipulation modeling language (DMML) for designing and developing interaction applications to directly manipulate virtual objects in 3D virtual environments.The I-Typed DMML consists of a domain-specific language to describe direct manipulation interaction easily and intuitively with a DMI engine that supports I-Type-based direct manipulation interaction.The feasibility of the proposed language for a variety of applications is confirmed by user study results, which demonstrate usability in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS• Presented an I-Typed direct manipulation modeling language (I-Typed DMML).• Presented a domain-specific language (DSL) to describe direct manipulation interaction intuitively.• Highlighted the need for directly manipulating virtual objects in 3D virtual environment.• Presented a direct manipulation interaction (DMI) engine supporting direct manipulation.• Showed the results that our method overcomes the limitation of existing DSL and development methods and enables both non-specialists and experts to easily develop interaction application.