Gender, confidence, and mark prediction in CS examinations
Brian E. Harrington, Shichong Peng, Xiaomeng Jin, Minhaz Khan · 2018
A common refrain heard by instructors of CS1 courses is ``I'm sure I did better than that" or ``I have no idea how I got that mark". Sometimes differences in a student's expected and reported marks may be due to a mistake on the part of the grader of the work, but more often than not this is an indicator that a student is not accurately assessing their own level of achievement on a piece of work. This may be an issue of capability (some students may lack the tools to assess what they have done correctly or incorrectly?) or one of confidence (some students are certain they are making mistakes even if they have done everything correctly). Regardless of the source of the gap between predicted and reported grades, it is an important skill for students to be able to accurately assess their own capabilities and performance.