A Note on Pan-Magic Squares
N. Chater, W. J. Chater · The Mathematical Gazette · 1945
Algebraic magic squares of order 4, constructed with the numbers 1, 2,… 16, are of three main types. From the 4 × 4 frame, nine 2 × 2 quadrants may be cut, and the sum of the numbers in these quadrants furnishes the criteria for distinguishing between the various types of magic squares.