The protective effects of the acetone fractions and extract of Leonotis leonurus on angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in vitro on H9C2 cardiomycyte cells
Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng, C.M.L. Steinmann, Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff · South African Journal of Botany · 2018
This study investigated the effect of Bacillus subtilis and elevated temperature on seed germination indices and plumule lengths of three cowpea genotypes (Asetanapa, Soronko and Nyira) from Ghana.The experimental treatments included cowpea seeds treated with B. subtilis (B+) and without B. subtilis (B-), and each treatment was incubated at six different temperature regimes (10 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C and 45 °C) for seven days.A standard germination test (three replicates of 30 seeds per genotype per treatment) was carried to determine the following germination indices; germination percentage (G%), germination index (GI) and germination rate index (GRI).The interaction of B. subtilis and temperature significantly influenced the germination indices and plumule length of cowpea seedlings and the differences in genotype response were significant.The highest germination percentage was for Nyira (98.6%) followed by Soronko (84.8%) seeds treated with the bacteria (B+) and without bacteria (B-), respectively, and incubated at 35 °C.With or without B. subtillis, all three genotypes incubated at 10 °C and 40 °C had the lowest germination percentages compared to those incubated at 25 °C, 35 °C and 30 °C.In general, Nyira seeds treated with B. subtilis and Soronko seeds without the bacteria obtained the fastest germination rates (lowest GI and GRI values) compared to Asetanapa seeds treated either with or without the bacteria.Soronko seeds inoculated with B. subtilis and incubated at 35 °C for seven days had the longest plumule (2.06 cm) compared to the other genotypes under similar conditions.