Enhancements of LEACH protocol: Security and open issues
Muneer Bani Yassein, Shadi A Aljawarneh, Rasha Al-Huthaifi · 2017
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an important role in this communications-based era, and they are becoming a popular area of research these days because of their ability to monitor and control the environment from remote locations in real time. One of the critical problems of the WSN is that it is based on battery power, which is limited. Most of the energy that is produced is consumed during the transmission, and once the battery power is depleted, it cannot be replaced or recharged. There are two types of WSNs: flat routing, and hierarchical routing. This paper discusses one of the hierarchical protocols, which is the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). This protocol was focused on because it is the first and the most popular protocol in WSNs. This paper explains the architecture of the LEACH protocol, the LEACH phases, the algorithms that are based on the LEACH protocol, the enhancements to the LEACH protocol, a comparison between the LEACH variants, the attacks against LEACH and its security measures, and some of the techniques for detecting these attacks.