Residual energy based distributed coverage protocol for wireless sensor networks
Avinash More · 2017
A typical Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a collection of many low power sensor nodes. Each sensor node can sense the external events and communicate with other sensor node using sensing and communication range. Sensing-area coverage of a node is the region within which an event can be observed or detected. In order to maintain the adequate sensing-area coverage within the network by keeping the sufficient number of nodes in the ACTIVE state is one of the important design parameter in WSN. Most of the coverage protocols do not maintained an adequate number of ACTIVE nodes for energy-efficient sensing-area coverage within the network. In this paper, we propose energy-efficient Distributed Coverage Protocol (DCP) based on normalized sleep time by considering residual energy levels of ACTIVE nodes. DCP computes the optimal wake-up time of neighboring SLEEPing nodes due to which, SLEEPing nodes wake-up only close to the death of current ACTIVE nodes. This leads to lesser wake-ups which causes lower energy consumption and increased coverage lifetime. Our ns-2 simulations show that, the average energy consumption per node of DCP is lesser than 12% as compared to RBSP, CESS, respectively. Further, the coverage ratio of DCP is higher by 57% and 33% as compared to CESS and RBSP respectively. Hence, DCP is effective in ensuring higher sensing-area coverage while extending coverage lifetime.